Mary Parker Folletts strategy as practice and leadership Essay

Mary Parker Folletts technique as training and administration - Essay Example Micromanagement and building up thorough control frameworks to guarantee execution were additionally part of the logical administration approach which prompted struggle among the board and workers (Mullins 2004). Follett was showing that administration includes affirmation of an assortment of variables relating to specialist attributes that are comprehensive of mental needs and inspirations and the sociological condition, consequently resisting logical management’s viability. Follett was endeavoring to represent that so as to make useful technique and improve hierarchical execution, chiefs must create initiative characteristics, staying away from the procedure of over-overseeing laborers and rather looking for followership instead of order and control frameworks. This administration savant, very relatively revolutionary, considered associations to be unpredictable living beings that necessary connection between divergent supervisor and representative characters and contrasting mental propensities so as to amplify worker profitability and duty. This exposition plays out a basic evaluation of Mary Parker Follett’s appraisal of the association, so as to beat rivalry concentrating explicitly on the ideas of authoritative intricacy, the structure and reason for complex versatile frameworks, the effect of Follett’s perspective on administration commitments and analyzes this to the training point of view in certifiable associations. In view of the exploration on contemporary key administration. (Mullins 2004).

India Today Essay

Gradually, yet without a doubt, in the year 2000, India is starting to delete the Nehruvian implicit understanding that made the open area and bound the workers to a corporate unit and the corporate unit to the country. In the time of rebuilding and re-building this has guided, workers are not, at this point esteemed assets yet superfluous wares. Furthermore, in like manner, the businesses are no longer demi-divine beings and fuedal rulers in one. They will get one with an astounding situation of a private part, where the developing administrator with the corporate experience of a lifetime may out of nowhere be discounted as miserably antiquated; and supplanted with a youthful geek, who alongside, possibly the new owner’s driver, will be perched on a heap of investment opportunities esteemed in millions. Obviously the time has come to contemplate riches and being well off in India today. The last time Indians contemplated being rich through joint property with non blacks, was in the nineteenth Century when the East India Company uncovered to the experienced Indians involving vital situations inside the framework, the loot capability of their territory. They escaped. This proceeded for very nearly a century till notable occasions activated an opportunity battle under Gandhi over the evenhanded conveyance and taming of India’s riches. The vision kept going scarcely two decades. Political discussions at that point were about the evil impact of private enterprise and cash. It was alright to produce employments yet not extraordinary riches which could degenerate our most hallowed establishments. Gradually some crusading analytical writers and financial experts followed this rationale and started to gather upsetting realities about the trumpeters of this brand of Hindu communism. They made dull disclosures over and again about sketchy individual conduct and monetary trickery that they had found among different political gatherings in power.

Dont Forget Fall Free Day on October 5, 2017 - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

Don’t Forget Fall Free Day on October  5, 2017 - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts Don’t Forget: Fall Free Day on October  5, 2017 Don’t Forget: Fall Free Day on October  5, 2017 Submissions are now closed. Thanks for participating! Your free college essay review is just 2 days away! On October 5, our expert advisors will be doling out free 15-minute essay reviews to the first 100 college and grad school applicants to submit a draft. We’ll be posting the instructions the morning of October 5, so make sure you sign up for our newsletter or follow us on  Facebook, Twitter, or  Instagram  to be notified when submissions are open! In the meantime, make sure to follow us on Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, or Twitter and RT or share one of our posts about #FALLFREEDAY  to be eligible! As a reminder, this quickie essay review is perfect for: College applicants Grad school applicants Overachievers Procrastinators People with near-final drafts People with rough rough drafts We cant wait to read your essays! About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want more tips and tricks? Give College Essay Academy a try. WATCH ACADEMY CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

Why Homosexuality Is Not Just An Issue - 960 Words

People to be Loved--A Critical Book Review Introduction. In People to be Loved-Why Homosexuality is not Just an Issue, Preston Sprinkle goes into an in depth discussion about homosexuality and how it is not just about being an issue and sin, homosexuality is about the treatment of the people. The tone of this book is conversational, making the understanding of the issues at hand much easier to comprehend. Summary. In People to be Loved, Sprinkle wrestles with the ideas of homosexuality in the Bible, as well as, reflecting us back to real life stories of people who fit under the category of â€Å"homosexual†. There is an ongoing debate about what the Bible really says about homosexuality, which shows readers that many Christians today are very big hypocrites--the harsh treatment of these people who classify as homosexual. The Bible gives a clear example of how we should treat ALL people, regardless of their sins, and that is through the life of Jesus. He never treated anyone other than in a loving, caring manner. In the latter part of the book, Sprinkle goes into depth about how the majority of people--Christians-- confuse the differences of lifestyle (behavior) with attraction. This is the major issue that, once distinguished, can settle the mindset of many of these people. Before judging someone who is classified as gay/lesbian, etc., get to know their story. Ask them questions about how they are, and what they mean by calling themselves homosexual. Arguments ofShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality: The Churchs Teachings632 Words   |  3 PagesHomosexuality, as defined in the Macquarie dictionary is, of, relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex or of, relating to, or involving sexual intercourse between persons of the same sex. There are countless arguments for and against the social acceptance of gay and lesbian couples and the morals, virtues and church teachings associated with them arent exactly black and white. Homosexuality is an important issue as not only do numerous peopleRead MoreThe Moral View Of Homosexuality1708 Words   |  7 Pagesargument of homosexuality being considered moral or immoral has been an argument for as long as humans have been in existence. This argument has been viewed by philological experts and people all over the world for centuries and it continues to be a major argument today. The moral view of homosexuality has many arguments, but the argum ents that are going to be mentioned are the normative ethics argument, the argument on why the moral law is true when it comes to homosexuality, and why homosexuality shouldRead MoreEssay about Religion and Gay Rights1124 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of time there has been homosexuality and that has always led to a debate of opinions. But in the last 20 years this topic has jumped to the top of the religious/political controversy list. This topic is important to all Americans because so many different groups have a stakeholder position in this issue. Adoption agencies, health services, insurance companies and the wedding industry just to name a few. Many believe legalizing marriage for same-sex couples would not only changeRead MoreThe Argument About Homosexuality Is Not Really An Argument Or A Controversy?850 Words   |  4 Pages The argument about homosexuality is not really an argument or a controversy anymore to some. Seeing that it already has been legalized there is nothing really that we can do to change that for the most part. But there is something that we can do to let people know what is right and what is wrong. Even though gay marriage may be legal now, it is a choice whether or not to partake in it. The issue now is that people are not born â€Å"that way†. No one is born gay, we are all naturally born straight andRead MoreEssay about Sexual Orientation1077 Words   |  5 Pages Sexual orientation is considered highly controversial in our world today. There are many issues that society is faced with concerning homosexuality. When thinking of homosexuality most people refer to the Bible for an answer. There is even more controversy within the Bible’s text. Not only is there reference to the Bible, but also to our mind to answer whether or not homosexuality is a moral issue. Psychological and Biological research is searching for an answer to this illustrious area of confusionRead MoreThe Issue Of Homosexuality And Homosexuality991 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I think people feel threatened by homosexuality. The problem isn’t about gay people; the problem is about the attitude towards gay people. People think that all gays are Hannibal Lecters. But gay people are sons and daughter, politicians and doctors, American heroes and daughters of American Heroes† (â€Å"Stacy†). In recent years, sexuality, specifically homosexuality, has become a large issue in America. Not to say that homosexuality is something relatively new, considering it was first noticed inRead MoreIs Homosexuality And The Three Religions Are Hinduism, Judaism, And Christianity759 Words   |  4 PagesThe ethical issue that I chose was homosexuality and the three religions are Hinduism, Judaism, and Christianity. I chose to write about homosexuality due to the fact that it is one of the most common problems out there in the world. Homosexuality started back in the late nineteenth century in Europe. Also there is four different types of homosexual relationship in all major culture areas (Greenberg1988:25-26). The four types are transgenerational homosexuality, transgenderal homosexuality, egalitarianRead MoreThe Church Does Not Discriminate Against Homosexuals892 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of discriminate is: to make a distinction in the treatment of different groups, especial ly of race, sex, or orientation. and that is what is being done. Regardless, the church does not agree with homosexuality, and homosexual acts. These are the main reasons why this is so; and why they make no sense. The reasons have all been compiled from official Christian clergies, websites, and videos. The first is the fact that it is stated in the Bible as an abomination, and it is somethingRead MoreHomosexuality : Quest For A Utopian World Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The proposed research work will be entitled â€Å"Homosexuality: Quest for a Utopian World†. The genre of the proposed work will deal in detail with the prevailing issue of homosexuality (both gay and lesbian) and try to justify their quest for a world where they can live without their integrity being questioned. The research will cover the history of homosexuality; how it has been seen through ages and the present scenario. Setting the background in comparative studies the proposed researchRead MoreHomosexuality Is Genetic Or Merely A Learning Process?1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of â€Å"homosexuality† in a political view attracts my interest because of the importance, in which it has in are government, people, and society we live in. People often argue of what is right and what is wrong, and for many years â€Å"homosexuality† has been a quite topic until recent years, and the argument wither homosexuality is genetic or simply a learning process? This is what brings a lot of attention to the media, scientist, and professors to keep trying to learn this different life style

Community Counseling Resources Essay - 727 Words

Application: Community Counseling Resources Marriage, Couple and Family Therapy (CPSY - 6356 - 1) In this paper will analyze primary, secondary, and tertiary couple and family interventions provided by community resources. In this paper will provide a community resource that works with issues of domestic violence and the primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions that the resource provides. A further analysis will be provided on any gaps that may exist in the interventions and an explanation of how to address those gaps. . According to (Wolfe, 2011), prevention efforts are generally considered in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention†¦show more content†¦DVIS is a community resource that provides advocacy, counseling to the victim and perpetrator, education, and shelter. (DVIS, 2013) As a primary intervention, DVIS provides education to businesses, community groups, faith-based communities, organizations and schools. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS dedicated a great deal of effort working with local schools as a primary prevention strategies. According to research, schools are an ideal environment to introduce primary prevention programs to a range of children. (Wolfe, 2009) According to (Wolfe, 2009), a significant amount of childrens social learning takes place in schools. In addition to using the schools as a way to initiate primary prevention with youth, DVIS also uses the school environment as secondary prevention. DVIS target at risk youth of violence with the school s etting. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS’s school based program takes youth from high-risk backgrounds through a process of learning about self, issue, and increase the youth’s efforts to affect change around them. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS offers counseling and shelter as a tertiary prevention. DVIS provides individual and group counseling to the victims, families and perpetrators. The program counsels men that are self-referred, court-referred, DHS- referred, and family court referrals for domestic violence assessments. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS offers interactive therapy for children who have witnessed or personally experiencedShow MoreRelatedClient Is A Person For Counseling And Possible Community Resources Referrals1649 Words   |  7 PagesClient is a 55-year-old woman who came in seeking services for counseling and possible community resources referrals. Client has no significant biological history that could explain her feelings of sadness and depression in the past few months. However , client lost her mother in April of this year and has had a hard time coping with this loss. After the death of her mother, her responsibilities of caring for her father increased as well. The client describes symptoms of situational depression, whichRead MoreMy Observation Of A Community Resource At Life Strategies Counseling Services959 Words   |  4 PagesStrategies Couneling Services in Beckley, West Virginia, to gain a better understaning of how the community resource of indvidual therapy and group therapy is experienced from the client’s point of view. I chose to complete my observation of a community resource at Life Strategies Counseling Services due to its many quality online reviews. In addition, when calling the offices of local community resources, the office staff at this location was very friendly and open about the possibility of an interviewRead MoreThe Backbone Of The Health Care System1427 Words   |  6 Pagesand the California community. The county men tal health departments can be found at this agency s web site. The agency s web site is very informative and easy to navigate. DHCS is a California state department staffed by committed and talented staff members who work hard to deliver high-quality care to the residents of the state of California. 2. Antioch University Counseling Center http://www.antiochla.edu/campus-life/au-counseling-center/ The Antioch University Counseling Center is run by AntiochRead MoreThe Role of a Community Counselor1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of a Community Counselor Donte Love Abstract The purpose of this paper is to address the role and function of the community counselor. Additionally, the framework of the community counseling model is taken into account, including some of the strategies used in community counseling. The Role of a Community Counselor Community counseling can be defined as â€Å"†¦a comprehensive helping framework that is grounded in multicultural competence and oriented toward social justice (Lewis, LewisRead MoreStudent Success And Support Services Program Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Success and Support Services Program (SSSP) Background The Student Success and Support Program (SSSP) for California community colleges arose as a result of the Senate Bill 1456 with a mission â€Å"to increase California community college student access and success by providing effective core matriculation services, including orientation, assessment and placement, counseling, and other educational planning services, and academic interventions,† or follow-up services for at-risk students (GraillatRead MoreCounseling A Native American Client1075 Words   |  5 PagesCounseling a Native American client will often present a unique set of challenges, especially if the client has a high degree of what Horse refers to as native consciousness (2001, cited by Choudhuri et al., 2012, p. 85) in which he or she is deeply â€Å"anchored in tribal traditions and native language† (p. 85). About 37% of Native people live on over 300 reservations and tribal jurisdictions within the United States. To be prepared to help them, a counselor should know the Native demographics of theRead MoreProfessional Identity Paper1699 Words   |  7 PagesCounselor-in-Training What is professional identity? Is it the philosophies that a professional holds regarding their profession? Is it the roles and characteristics that are required in a listing of their job description? Or is it related to the resources available for a working professional to continually develop their skills within their profession? Professional identity is all of these things. According to Healy and Hays (2010): Professional identity is the result of a developmental process thatRead MoreAgency Review Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesAgency Review on the Family Resource Center Every community mental health and local agency programs provide a needed service in the local community. Each program is important and provides everyone access to crucial mental health treatment and other needed resources. These programs provide services such as access to medication, emergency mental health services and counseling for everyone that do not have the means to pay for these services. Different centers provide specific services that areRead MoreSocial Justice in Conseling860 Words   |  3 PagesSocial justice in counseling represents the process of reaching out to individuals with regard to the fair treatment of all. There are many aspects to consider within the interaction between counselor and client in order to provide the most fairest treatment available. These aspects are derived from the dynamics of the goals and process of the counseling session and constituted by policy and law development. The goals and processes are focused upon embodying individual and family systems and theRead MoreMy Career Path1424 Words   |  6 Pagespursuing my masters in community counseling. Everything that has happened to me was for a reason and has shaped my career path and outlook on life, it has helped me be a better person and to also build my own identity of being a counselor. This paper will be a guide to my career path and how it has progressed throughout my lifespan. In this paper, I will also give examples and situations that I was a part of, to show and guide to my career path of why I chose community counseling. In the past, I have

King Lear/Inferno Free Essays

Paper Assignment #2 (Inferno / King Lear) Both Shakespeare’s King Lear and Dante’s Inferno explore the reasons for and results of human suffering. Both works postulate that human suffering comes as a result of choices that are made. That statement is not only applicable to the characters in each of the works, but also to the readers. We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear/Inferno or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Inferno and King Lear speak universal truths about the human condition: that suffering is inevitable and unavoidable. While both King Lear and the Inferno concentrate on the admonitions and lamentations of human suffering, there is one key difference between the works: the Inferno has an aspect of hope that is not present in King Lear. The unavoidable aspect of human suffering is depicted brilliantly by Shakespeare in King Lear. Seemingly insignificant choices that King Lear makes throughout the play end up completely changing his life for the worse. Not only does Lear lose his kingdom, but he also loses his family and his home. His situation is only made worse by him not recognizing his fault in his own actions. Lear’s lack of responsibility when it comes to his own problems is best described by Kent: â€Å"It is the stars, the stars above us govern our conditions† (Shakespeare 101). Kent and Lear blame all of their suffering on the will of a higher being, neglecting that their own actions brought them to a place where they have to suffer. By not recognizing his responsibility in the events that are happening to him, Lear causes more strife for himself and those around him. He continues to make the same mistakes like falling victim to Regan and Goneril’s flattery and ignoring Cordelia’s wise words. In addition, Lear was constantly advised by the Fool and Kent not to make such poor choices. Lear’s own stubbornness prevented him from seeing the wisdom in the Fool’s words. Similarly, in the Inferno, Capaneus is a man whose punishment comes as a result of his own defiance. Capaneus was told that his fate would be to almost conquer a city, but fail. Capaneus fought against his fate and defied it, but he ended up in Hell all the same. Capaneus became his own punishment: â€Å"no torment other than your rage itself could punish your gnawing pride more perfectly† (Dante 198). Both Lear and Capaneus show excessive pride and stubbornness throughout their respective works, and fail to see their own faults. They were forewarned about their punishments, yet they continued down the path that would bring them the most suffering. Even though suffering is an inevitable part of living and there is no path in life that does not include some sort of suffering, these two men chose the ones that would bring them the most pain. The Inferno is a tale of cautionary advice. In each circle, Dante the pilgrim speaks to one of the shades that reside there and the readers learn how and why the damned have become the damned. As Dante learns from the mistakes of the damned, so do the readers. And as Dante feels the impacts of human suffering, so do the readers. Virgil constantly encourages Dante the pilgrim to learn why the shades are in Hell and what were their transgressions while on Earth. This work’s purpose is to educate the reader. The work’s assertions on the nature of human suffering are mostly admonition, with each shade teaching Dante the pilgrim and by extension the reader not to make the same mistakes. Dante views his journey through hell as a learning experience and that is why he made it out alive. King Lear shows an extreme of human suffering. While there is some foreshadowing to the tragic end of the play and some reproof is given, the play mostly focuses on the lamentations of the characters. Edmund laments being born a â€Å"bastard† and the circumstances surrounding his birth. He believes that it is in his â€Å"nature† to be subversive, evil, and manipulative. Yet, unlike Lear, Edmund does not place the blame of his unfortunate life on the stars: â€Å"I should have been that I am, had the maidenliest star in the firmament twinkled on my bastardizing† (Shakespeare 20). Edmund does, however, blame society for his actions, which is just as harmful as Lear blaming the stars. If anything, this play illustrates that as humans we are completely responsible for our actions and that our own suffering is a consequence of poor judgments. Both the Inferno and King Lear depict the horrific aspects of human suffering, but there is one key difference. There is a complete absence of hope in King Lear and it shows in the tragic ending of the play. Not only do most of the characters die, but also none of them achieve redemption or are able to achieve forgiveness for their actions (with the exception of Edmund). King Lear makes a discouraging statement about humanity and the extent of human suffering: that suffering is a perpetual aspect of human life and it cannot be overcome: â€Å"We that are young shall never see so much, nor live so long† (Shakespeare 142). This statement made by Edgar shows the hopelessness of the circumstances Edgar, Albany, and Kent have found themselves in at the end of King Lear. In the Inferno, Dante walks through Hell, literally, and comes out on the other side alive, something that no one else has been able to achieve. Dante the pilgrim and Dante the poet saw the worst of humanity and have been able to come out of the experience with hope: â€Å"I saw the lovely things the heavens hold, and we came out to see once more the stars† (Dante 383). This observation at the end of the Inferno by Dante shows that he still believes that there is good in the world and that human suffering is not all there is to life and death. Dante the poet also maintains the reader’s hope throughout the work by showing that Dante the pilgrim made it through hell: â€Å"But I remained†¦ to tell about without more evidence† (Dante 328). The Inferno makes a powerful statement about humanity and human suffering by adding an aspect of hope to the work: even though human suffering is inevitable and unavoidable, there is hope and suffering can be overcome. Both the Inferno and King Lear have aspects of desperation, but the final tone of the works illustrates their differences. King Lear and the Inferno are both tales of human suffering that explore the depth and width of suffering. However, even though they both state that human suffering is inevitable and unavoidable, there is levity in the Inferno that is completely absent in King Lear. The final message of King Lear is the pervasiveness of human suffering and that one’s choices not only cause one’s own suffering, but can cause the suffering of others. King Lear ends on a note of eternal sadness. Inferno’s final message is a much more hopeful one: one can be touched by human suffering and one can experience human suffering, but that does not mean that all hope is lost. In the Inferno, suffering is just one aspect of the human experience, not the only aspect, and it does not have to define one’s life. Overall these works tell us about the unpleasant, yet necessary, parts of the human experience that will affect everyone at some point in their lives, but it is how we handle human suffering that matters most. Works Cited Dante. Inferno. New York: Penguin, 2003. Print. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. How to cite King Lear/Inferno, Essay examples

Analyses Labour management Relations in Singapore Industrial

Question: Discuss about the Analyses Singapore Industrial Relation. Answer: Introduction Labour managementrelations refer to the relationship between the workers and the management of the organization. The relationship includes many aspects such as trade unionism, collective bargaining, grievance handling etc.Labour management relationship is one of the most complicated relationships which shall be understood by the HR manager of the organization and taken care of. If the relationship is built in a positive manner then the organization aims for higher target and competence in the competitive global market (Questia, 2017). Further the report includes thee labourmanagement relationship in companies of the Singapore. Further it also analyses Singapore industrial relation, role of its players and competence which the company gained through this process. The details are discussed below: Singapore Industrial Relationship The Singapore industrial relationship Act helps to country to maintain and regulate the employer employee relationship by preventing and settling trade disputes in an organization. There are a few ways through which the issues are settled down the management, like collective bargaining, arbitration, tripartite mediation of individual disputes etc. The NTUC (National Trade Union Congress) works together in with other partners to protect the interest of workers of Singapore. The union works with an aim keep the workers in the competitive and employable advantage; it also aims to maintain social justice and equality in Singapore. The NTUC is held liable to maintain adequate industry relations in Singapore (STF, 2017). The industrial relation landscape in Singapore is assessed by the tripartite relationship between the management, government and the employers. This alliance helps in approaching and managing the relation with the labour union. This process helps the country in encouraging economic success and social progress as well. Industrial relations in Singapore and governed by the laws that clearly tells the process of union-management relationship in different aspects (NTUC, 2017). Key players of Labour Management Relations Mainly there are four key players of the Labour Management Relationship name, government, union, employer and employee. These are those people both collectively and individually work in the direction of keeping the interest of labour safe in the Singapore. Further the activities of these key players are: Trade Union: talking about the National Trade Union Congress, the federation is currently affiliated with 58 unions under them and two associations as well. The aim of the trade union of Singapore is to protect the rights of the workers and advocate for their interest in case of breachment (STF, 2017). Further the roles of the trade union of Singapore are discussed below: Representation and protection of employed people: representation refers to the process of representing and working for the welfare of the community. The NTUC through their affiliation and unions protects the interest of the workers and make them regarding their right which they shall not sacrifice. Appeals, fraudery, negotiation, retrenchment activities shall not be initiated by any company of Singapore, instead the management shall always aim to create a win-win situation for both of the parties. The workers are unaware of such rights, thus it is the responsibility of the unions to protect their interest (Metters, Metters, 2017). Training and enhancement of skills: according to the need of growing era, all workers want to enhance their skills and gain more income by working smartly in the organization. For the same purpose the network of NTUC develop an understanding among them and encourages them to upgrade their skills and achieve their personal targets. Talking about the role of union UniSIM-NTUC Sponsorship, SAA Global Education (NTUC) Scholarshipand Union Training Assistance Programme (UTAP) are some of the initiatives taken by the union to satisfy their obligation towards the employees (Warner, 2014). Government: it is the obligation of the government of Singapore to initiate laws and make statutory bodies which clearly articulate the labour management relationship throughout the country. Further the government of Singapore is obliged to relate the interest of workers with the monetary benefits given to them. Ministry of Manpower is the body made by the government of Singapore which formulates and implements and policies related to the workplace and workforce issues as well. The mission of MOM is to build competitive advantage in the country by securing the future of the labour economically. The body is assigned to initiate the following key outcomes from its process, that are, Progressive workplace Global competitive forces Financial security and lifelong employability in people of Singapore The MOM is held liable to maintain industrial peace and promote jobs in the county with the aid of tripartite co-operation. Initially the role of MOM was to resolve the dispute occurred in the company and enforce law, but the establishment NWC, the responsibility has changed to address employment, co-ordinate views of different and initiate social and work life balance in the country (Kuriyama, 2017). Employer: the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) was found in the year 1980 by the amalgamation of two employer organization namely, Singapore Employers Federation (SEF) and the National Employers Council (NEC). The vision of the federation is to help the employers of the organization to maintain harmony and peace in the organizational culture. This also helps the employer to improve their workforce competitiveness and improve the quality of living. They shall take care of the employees, shareholders and consumers as well (Giri, 2017). The core activity of this federation includes the following aspects: Training of human resource and develop their managerial skills Sharing of information related to human resource or industrial relation development. The mode of sharing such information is through seminars and group meetings. Provide consultation and advisory services to the workers regarding the rights or management issues. Spread awareness regarding the rights and duties of different people to perform (Gospel, Pendleton, Vitols, 2014). Employee: employee of the organization being the most important asset can work effectively only if they get adequate working conditions in their environment. Apart from that, considering the role of employees, it is their duty that they shall not tolerate and kind of discrimination or wrongful practices in the management of the organization. On the account of employer as discussed earlier, as it is their duty to provide adequate services to them and create suitable conditions for them, so it is the duty of employees to adapt different conditions present in the market, and help the organization to gain the competitive edge in the market. The employee shall focus on their personal training and development so that their output increases the efficiency of the company and the country as well. They shall also fully utilize the services and resources available to them, also they shall make use of their right properly and shall not waive them in any typical situations. So, these are the key of the employees of the country. Without the interest of employees no company can earn efficiency in the market (Huat, 2017). Competitive advantage to Singapore With the initiation of labour management relationship in the industrial working of the country Singapore, it has been noticed that the state of the workers of the country have started getting better and their efficiency is also increased. This relationship being an important aspect in maintain adequate growth of the country shall be adopted by every company so that the indirectly the country receives competitive advantage in the global world. The progressive wage model is related to increasing the productivity of organization by upgrading the skills of the employees and providing them better returns as well. This model is developed for the workers of the country to assist and motivate them work better to earn more. Further talking about the tripartism mechanism used in the organization so as to assist the labour management relationship in the country, the policy directly favored the economic growth of the country (Bekhouche, 2015). With traditional process the country used to face issues in settling economic transactions and accessing the resources adequately. But with this process the country obligated the department to fulfill their duties due to which work was easily flowed in the country implementing sustainable growth for the country. The National Trade Union Congress and supported the government to change their traditional adversarial unionism and confrontational labour-management relations, so that peace and econom ic sustainability is initiated in the country. Further considering the economic performance of the country, the performance grew by 2.0 % in the year 2016 along with which the total employment apart from foreign domestic workers grew by 8600 in the same year (MOM, 2017). The employment rate also showed a positive growth as it rose to 2.1 % in 2016. Further the consumer price index of the country fell by 0.5 % and the overall labour productivity was measured by real value added per worker (MOM, 2017). It grew by 1.0 % in previous year. The company also started providing more incentives and bonuses to the employees of their organization and the Central Provident Fund of the country grew by 3.1 %, there was not much difference in the grades of bonus but the basic wage rate had major changes in them. Due to this process the rate of growing inflation also reduced to 4.0 % (MOM, 2017). Additionally the NWC aims to amend the rate of risk and uncertainty attracting the country in the upcoming year 2017. The country started growing in varied segment of the industry. Furthermore in addition to the competitive advantage of the company flexible wage system refers to the system which allows the companies to adjust and cost their costs in harsh times. Also this mode helps the companies to flexible pay rewards to the employees of the organization on the basis of their performance (MOM, 2017). KPI (key performance indicator) is a management tool which helps the companies to measure the performance of their employees and reward them accordingly. This aspect include financial as well as operational indicator (IMD, 2017). It has been seen that Singapore constantly earned goodwill and an identified position in the due to their efficient growth in all sectors of the market. Further the growth of a country is identified with the working efficiency of labour of the company. Adding to it the labour will only work efficiently if there is presence of good management and labour relationship law in the company. Thus, Singapore has coined them as the worlds best country where companies can initiate their business activities. With this, it can be known that the company has good economic market, and the foreign exchange is marked on the 10th place out off total 121 countries (Holmes, 2017). Talking about the competitive advantage the company is placed on the third position. Also Singapore is remarked as Asias best country having logistic supply chain management. In terms of labour as well, the country comes in Asias top countries who have best skilled and motivated labour. Lastly, talking about investment, Singapore is earmarked as the best country for investment in the business sector, the present combined score of the country is 73 (report given by (BERI) Business Environment Risk Intelligence) (EDB Singapore, 2017). Conclusion Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events the fact that shall be noted is that any country can gain the economic competencies in the global market if the labor management practices are efficient. So it is the duty of the key aspect to manage the issues and initiate to solve them to provide maximum benefit to the worker of the country. In the country Singapore, the Tripartite Partnership helped the country to assign themselves duties and working according to provide maximum benefits to the workers of the country. The above mentioned analysis discusses about the role of government, employer, employee and union of the country Singapore in monitoring and maintains labour management relationship in the industrial activities of the country. Also it also states the competencies which the country received after adequately monitoring and analyzing the drawbacks in the system in managing them. The country Singapore gained a numerous benefits after utilizing the essence of labour management relationship in the system and implementing them properly. Thus, it shall be said that it is the need of the ear that all countries shall now implement plans and actions which discuses about the issues of labour management relation and implementation plans to resolve them. References Bekhouche, Y., (2015). The Global Gender Gap Index 2014. World Economic Forum. EDB Singapore, (2017). Facts and rankings. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/why-singapore/about-singapore/facts-and-rankings/rankings.html Giri, M. P. (2017). Industrial RelationsAn Overview. Journal of Industrial Relationship, Corporate Governance Management Explorer, 1(1), 21-25. Gospel, H., Pendleton, A., Vitols, S. (Eds.). (2014). Financialization, new investment funds, and labour: an international comparison. Oxford University Press. Holmes, F. (2017). Switzerland And Singapore Top U.S. In Global Competitiveness Ranking. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/10/06/switzerland-and-singapore-top-u-s-in-global-competitiveness-ranking/#6dcf8e834325 Huat, C. B. (2015). Singapore: Growing Wealth, Poverty Avoidance and Management. Developmental Pathways to Poverty Reduction, 201. IMD, (2017). The World Competitiveness. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.imd.org/uupload/IMD.WebSite/wcc/WCYResults/1/scoreboard_2014.pdf Kuriyama, N. (2017). Stereotypes of Japanese Human Resource Management and LabourManagement Relations. In Japanese Human Resource Management (pp. 3-34). Springer International Publishing. Metters, R., Metters, R. (2017). Gender and operations management. Cross Cultural Strategic Management, 24(2), 350-364. MOM., (2017). Flexible Wage System. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/statistics-publications/flexible-wages-for-smes-english.pdf MOM., (2017). National Wages Council (NWC) Guidelines 2017/2018. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2017/0531-nwc-guidelines-2017-2018 NTUC., (2017). Industrial relations landscape in Singapore. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/irlandscapeinsingapore Questia., (2017). Labour-Management Relations. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.questia.com/library/sociology-and-anthropology/labor-and-work/labor-management-relations STF., (2017). National Wage Council. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.tripartism.sg/page/National-Wages-Council/ STF., (2017). Tripartism in Singapore. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.tripartism.sg/page/Tripartism-in-Singapore/ Warner, M. (2014). Culture and management in Asia. Routledge.

The Union Movement Of The Late 19Th Century Essay Example For Students

The Union Movement Of The Late 19Th Century Essay The union movement of the late 19th centuryby Eli HatchDuring 1870 through 1900 workers joined together; responding to the power of their employers caused by the growth of industrialization. The worker did not always have the luxury of leaving after eight hours of work, the right to representation, or the even the right to work in a safe environment. The working people of nineteenth century America had to unite in struggle to achieve the gains that are often taken selfishly and taken for granted today. There were many successes and failures in organized labor; the successes were often obtained through the loss of the worker, often through lost wages, jobs, or even death. We will write a custom essay on The Union Movement Of The Late 19Th Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The organization structure of the union during 1870 through 1900 went through different cycles and strategies to achieve what they wanted. One of the first effective regional organized unions was the Knights of Labor formed in 1869. The knights took in not only skilled workers but also any worker that could be truly classified as a producer. The knights took their peek in 1885 when strikes against Union Pacific, Southwest System, and Wabash railroads attracted public sympathy and succeeded in preventing a reduction in wages, at this time they boasted a membership of 700,000. 1886 was a troubled year for labor relations. There were nearly 1,600 strikes involving 600,000 workers, with the eight-hour day being the important item for all of the strikes. Failure of some of the strikes and internal conflicts between the skilled workers and the unskilled led to a decline in the Knights popularity and influence. Another organization called the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions created a constitution that other unions could adhere to. This constitution met in Pittsburgh on Nov. 15 1881 and was created by representatives of the cigar makers, the printers, the merchant seamen, steel workers, carpenters and local units of the Knights of Labor. One of the most important items in the constitution created by the FOTLU recommended that the legal eight-hour work day be an objective for every union to achieve. The FOTLU thus accelerated a strong national push for a shorter work week. The AFL grew from 140,000 in 1886 to nearly on million by 1900. With these strengths in numbers they often preferred striking over political action. The struggle for workers rights, wage increases and protests against wage cuts were often unsuccessful resulting in violence and death. Chicago workers were agitating for the eight-hour work day for months. On May 1st and 2nd 1886 were eighty thousand workers went on strike, bringing most of Chicagos manufacturing to a standstill. On May 3rd a fight between hundreds of strikers and non-union replacements broke out. Chicago police quickly moved in to restore order, leaving four unionists dead and many wounded. Angered by the deadly force of the police a group of anarchists called on workers to arm themselves and participate in the massive protest demonstration in Haymarket Square on May 4. Only 3,000 members assembled and started out peacefully until late evening when someone still not known to this day threw a bomb that killed seven policemen and injured 67 others. Even though no evidence was ever found about who threw the bomb four anarchists were found guilty and sentenced to death . Ever since the Haymarket square symbolized for radicals and trade unionists everywhere the injustice of a capitalistic society but also associated negatively unions as un-American, criminalistic, and violent. Many other activists died or received injuries for their cause all around the country. In July of 1877 strike riots halted the movement of U.S. railroads. After a few weeks of shutting down most of countries railroad system federal troops were sent in to try to end the nationwide strike. This resulted in more violence and death; in Chicago for example federal troops killed 30 workers and wounded over 100. On June 14, 1877 in Pennsylvania ten coal-mining activists were hanged. October 1887 the Louisiana militia shot 35 unarmed black sugar workers striking to gain a dollar-per-day wage and lynched two strike leaders. 1894 federal troops killed 34 American Railway Union members in Chicago attempting to break a strike. July 1892 three hundred Pinkerton guards helped introduce scabs into the workplace by opening fire on striking Carnegie mill steel workers, this resulted in the death of seven guards and eleven strikers. .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 , .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .postImageUrl , .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 , .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:hover , .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:visited , .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:active { border:0!important; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:active , .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9 .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue021104991a175b0a34459e91b6c9fe9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Belief System- The Crucible EssayThe idea of demonstrations was often to get the attention of management to show that they mean business and cant be pushed around so easily. New York garment workers won the right to unionize after a seven-month strike. They secured agreements for a closed shop, and firing of all scabs. Striking miners in Idaho dynamited the Frisco Mill. Leaving it to ruins, getting the attention they wanted. The popularity and growth of unions everywhere showed companies that they are not going to walk over their workers as easily as they did in the past. Although union demonstrations resulted in workers being injured, dead or fired they set the way for unions in the future to be successful in their endeavors. These demonstrations were successful in the fact that they showed management and companies that the American worker can unite and be heard as one voice rather than a mass of passive workers that would take any injustice given to them. It is to these unions that we owe many of the benefits and rights we see and use today, such as fighting injustices such as biases and discrimination, winning the right to representation and collective bargaining, and the right for education for every child. American History Essays

Andrew Jackson A True Man of the People

Andrew Jackson A True Man of the People Abstract Andrew Jackson the 7th U.S president was born on 1767 in one of the states in the U.S. Orphaned at a young age, Jackson spent his teenage life hopping from one job to another and he even had a stint in a British Jail. At the age of only twenty four years, Jackson married Donelson Robards who was a divorcee.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Andrew Jackson: A True Man of the People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the dying years of the 18th century, he served in the Tennessee Constitutional Convention, House of Representatives, Senate and even in the Tennessee Supreme Court. During the battle of the Tennessee troops and the Creeks in 1812, Jackson was the commanding officer and he helped in delivering victory to the Tennessee troops. Jackson was elected as the 7th U.S President in 1828 and for the years that he was on the throne, he introduced reforms, which favored the common man from the politica l class that had existed for a long time. Andrew Jackson: A True Man of the People Introduction Andrew Jackson the 7th U.S president was born on 1767 in one of the states in the U.S. Orphaned at a young age, Jackson spent his teenage life hopping from one job to another and he even had a stint in a British Jail. At the age of only twenty four years, Jackson married Donelson Robards who was a divorcee. In the dying years of the 18th century, he served in the Tennessee Constitutional Convention, House of Representatives, Senate and even in the Tennessee Supreme Court.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the battle of the Tennessee troops and the Creeks in 1812, Jackson was the commanding officer and he helped in delivering victory to the Tennessee troops. In the following years, Jackson’s aptitude in war was evident when he helped in the capture of two Engli shmen suspected of terrorism in Pensacola. Jackson was elected as the 7th U.S President in 1828 and for the years that he was on the throne, he introduced reforms, which favored the common man from the political class that had existed for a long time.1 The reason why Andrew Jackson is known as â€Å"A Man of the People† is the numerous reforms that he introduced to help the common person in America. Once he ascended to the throne, Jackson engineered constitutional reforms that granted him permission to carry out far-reaching reforms without being limited by the constitution. In addition to the domestic reforms, he vetoed a bill seeking to enlarge the United States Bank and constantly ensured that he was informed of any improvements in the internal affairs of the federal government. The policies  that he introduced were so popular with the working class and the plantation farmers from all over the country such that he received a landslide victory in his reelection bid in 183 2.2 Indeed, Andrew Jackson is believed to be the president who vetoed the most bills in the American History. His policy in life was that one needed to reward loyalty and to constantly ensure that he appealed to the masses. In order to ensure that he was in touch with the public, he appointed men and women who were in touch with the society as his personal advisors.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Andrew Jackson: A True Man of the People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was in contrast with his predecessors who only relied on their cabinet for advice. While this was laudable, it had a negative effect since most of the cabinet members were rich people who only wanted to protect their interests without being concerned on how it affected the common person. However, Jackson knew that if people were to believe that he had their best interests at heart then he had to have advisers who were closer to the peop le. 3 When he first ascended to the presidency, numerous sectional issues that had not been addressed by previous presidents existed. Many states from the South were of the opinion that they needed to retain most of their rights. However, Jackson felt that if America was to prosper then there was need to ensure that all the states were reading from the same script. Since most of the states were complaining of tariffs, he introduced a moderate tariff that was supposed to apply in all the states. Despite his good intentions, South Carolina wanted to nullify the tariff and declare it unconstitutional. However, Jackson stood his ground and forced South Carolina to adhere to the tariffs. In 1832, Jackson used his immense power to veto a charter for the Second Bank of America. Although the government claimed that the bank could lead to more investments, Jackson saw it as a mere strategy by the wealthy to increase their wealth at the expense of the poor. This forced the government to save their money in the existing banks, which then loaned it to the ordinary people. Because the federal money was in excess, the banks were forced to lend out the money in an indiscriminate manner and this led to high levels of inflation.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to pacify the people and stop the easy flow of money, Jackson demanded that no liquid money was to pay for any land purchase but instead gold or silver was to be used. Although this would pose problems later on, it solved the problem and this led people to believe him even the more. Jackson’s intention was well intended and it coincided with his nature of putting the interest of the people first.5 In 1830, Jackson showed another side of his caring nature when he supported the expulsion of Indians from Georgia. Although the act made him to be chastised by the West, his only consolation was that he had the support of the people. To support his actions, Jackson invoked the Indian Removal Act that had been passed in 1830. However, the American Supreme Court had passed a ruling preventing the government from expelling them but Jackson disregarded the ruling. In what later came to be known  as the Trail of Tears, government troops led close to 15,000 Indians from Georgia to their ancestral land. Indeed, a president who is ready to risk losing support from his peer countries and even disregards a court decision to support the wishes of the masses is nothing but a man of the people.6 After retiring from active politics in 1836, Jackson maintained a lively interest in national politics. In order to ensure that he was not locked from national politics and from making decisions touching on the common person, Jackson had handpicked Martin Van Buren as his successor. Buren’s election ensured that Jackson would remain in the limelight and influence major decisions. In fact, it is believed that Andrew Jackson was a major figure in white House until the time of his death on June 8, 1845. In the years before his death, Jackson prevented the reintroduction of the Second Bank of the United States Charter, which he believed would oppress the ordinary Americans. Although there are many explanations for Jackson’s interest in ordinary citizens, it is believed that his poor upbringing made him close to them. Once he ascended to the presidency, he did anything possible to ensure that they were free from oppression by the political elite.7 Conclusion Andrew Jackson is considered as one of the greatest American presidents in history. To begin with, he was the first President in the U.S to come from a poor background. Having been orphaned from a young age, Jackson had to overcome many  odds to become the American president. After spending many years with ordinary  citizens, Jackson felt closer to them and he constantly fought for their rights when he became president. On more than one occasion, Jackson risked losing the support of the States and that of other nations to fight for causes that he believed would help the poor. Even after his two terms had expired, Jackson worked behind the scenes to ensure that the bills he had blocked were not reintroduced. This can only be considered nothing but a great and pure love for the peopl e that he represented. Footnotes 1Kelly, Martin. Andrew Jackson-7th President of the United States, 2011. Web. http://americanhistory.about.com/od/andrewjackson/p/pjackson.htm 2Watson, Thomas. The Life and Times of Andrew Jackson, 1912. Press of the Jeffersonian pub. Co, 23-25. Print. 3Wilentz, Sean. Andrew Jackson, 2006. Times Books, 3-10. Print. compromise tariff was enacted to ensure that no state paid higher tariffs than others did and this increased his standing among the people who had for long had to content with uneven distribution of resources. 4 4Kelly, Martin. Andrew Jackson-7th President of the United States, 2011. Web. http://americanhistory.about.com/od/andrewjackson/p/pjackson.htm 5Wilentz, Sean. Andrew Jackson, 2006. Times Books, 3-10. Print. 6Berry, Christina. â€Å"Andrew Jackson-The Worst President the Cherokee Ever Met† All Things Cherokee, n.d. Web. allthingscherokee.com/articles_culture_events_020201.html. 7Wilentz, Sean. Andrew Jackson, 2006. Times Book s, 3-10. Print. Berry, Christina. â€Å"Andrew Jackson-The Worst President the Cherokee Ever Met† All Things Cherokee, n.d. Web. allthingscherokee.com/articles_culture_events_020201.html. Kelly, Martin. Andrew Jackson-7th President of the United States, 2011. Web. http://americanhistory.about.com/od/andrewjackson/p/pjackson.htm Watson, Thomas. The Life and Times of Andrew Jackson, 1912. Press of the Jeffersonian pub. Co, 23-25. Print. Wilentz, Sean. Andrew Jackson, 2006. Times Books, 3-10. Print.

The Case of Discount Department Stores and Fenwick Essay

The Case of Discount Department Stores and Fenwick - Essay Example In the field of accounts and finance, internal control systems are essential to ensure accountability and transparency. Through the use of internal control system, it is easy to detect and prevent fraud, and errors. From the case study, it can be noted that at Grapevine stores things used to be operated the way anyone felt could suit him. The following are the missing internal controls; control environment, control activities, monitoring activities, and risk management. According to, (Hightower, 2009), internal controls reinforce the flow of activities in accounting and ensure accountability and responsiveness is achieved. Mr. Fenwick will conduct an assessment on the internal control mechanism adopted by the Grapevine Store and offer recommendations to make it robust. The missing internal controls have been expounded in the discussion below. According to Steinhoff, (2001), a controlled environment builds a culture among the employees for them to operate within. Assessing Grapevine Stores this is not the case. It can be identified that the employees at that store used to perform financial and accounting processes based on their thought. It is in the interest of the Discount Department Stores to have uniformity in the reporting of financial status from individual stores. Grapevine conducted their processes differently from what is recommended. Mr. Fenwick noticed that three-quarters of money expected to go in their bank account was from credit cards and a quarter from currency and cheques. The act was contrary to the policies of Discount Department Stores which states that half of the money going to the bank account should be from currency and cheques, and the other half from credit cards. This can be the reason the store was closed. The store offered excess credit services to its client, who maybe defaulted the terms and failed to pay, resulting the store to record losses. The

Promotion Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Promotion Strategies - Essay Example The new technological trends affected a lot the way companies performed the advertising of their products. There has been a major shift from offline advertising to online advertising alternatives. This paper analyzes the global changes in advertising by performing research on the subject and through the case study of Estee Lauder. Selling products online which is referred to as e-commerce has become a huge force in the retailing business. In 2006 the overall e-commerce retail sales in the United States accounted for $104 billion dollars and this segment has a great growth potential considering the online community is rapidly expanding and currently has nearly 1.1 billion users worldwide (Plunckett Research, 2007). The widespread use of the internet and the birth of the convergence age are shifting advertising dollars from traditional written press to the internet since many people are no longer using the traditional press as their primary medium for obtaining information about current affairs. The internet has replaced traditional media due to its convenience, variety of selection, and the speed of the information travels. â€Å"Printing subscription have suffered with people finding they can get news from a variety of free online sources, including new, online only publication, professional blogs and news a ggregation sites† (Holahan, 2007). Online advertising is a booming business and companies are finding that it is cheap effective way to reach mass amounts of potential customers. Estimates performed by PriceWaterhouseCoopers and the Interactive Advertising Bureau (AIB) determined that in the US $13 billion was spent on online advertising in 2006 and this figure is projected to grow by 87% in 2008 (Plunckett Research, 2007). Online advertising has also allowed further globalization of products worldwide. Companies in Europe are utilizing this advertising medium to target

The environmental management

The environmental management Environmental Management is a very important component of sustainable living. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary nature of Environmental Management enables it to solve the complex environmental problems (pollution, erosion, flooding, deforestation, desertification, just to name but a few) that essentially characterize our landscape at the local regional and global scale. To better understand these problems, the discipline draws on a wealth of expertise in both concepts and approaches from the natural or physical and social sciences to develop this interdisciplinary. This essay seeks to explore the nature of environmental management and in particular, attention is drawn on the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinarity of environmental management. The environmental problems we face today are many and varied. From pollution, erosion, flooding, deforestation, desertification, to climate change- all present themselves in very practical terms and as such environmental management is more important than ever before. However, the field has been the subject of wide criticism. For instance Bryant and Wilson (1998) criticized the field as a result of the limitations in the understanding of root causes-political, economic or cultural issues. There is no generally acceptable definition of the subject environmental management. This is partly due to its broad scope and in part of the diversity of specialism (Barrow, 1999). However, attempts have been made by several authors to define environmental management. For example, Riordan (1995); Barrow (1999); Wilson and Bryant (1997); Bryant and Geoff (2009), have all made substantial effort to define Environmental Management. Environmental management has been defined as both a process and a field of study (Wilson and Bryant 1997). In his book, Barrow (1999 p. 5) presented an overview of some definitions of Environmental Management. Like Environmental Management, definitions and interpretations of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity abound in literature. For instance, Klein, 2004; Tress and Tress, 2001; Tress et al., 2005; Jones and Macdonald, 2007; Evans and Randalls, 2008; and Wesselink, 2009. In its simplest sense interdisciplinarity is an integrative research approach that transects many disciplinary boundaries with a common goal and the aim of production of new knowledge and theory (Tress et al., 2005). As a process, Environmental Management, according to (Wilson and Bryant, 1997 p.7) can be defined   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"as a multi-layered process associated with the interaction of state and non-state environmental managers with the environment and with each other. Environmental Managers are those whose livelihood is primarily dependent on the application of skill in the active and self conscious, direct or indirect, manipulation of the environment with the aim of enhancing predictability in a context of social and environmental uncertainty. † While the term state will include state officials such as Department of the Environment, DoE, and Department of Environment Food and Rural Agriculture, DEFRA, just to name a few, non-state, on the other hand includes environmental NGOs, farmers, transnational corporations(TNCs), hunter-gatherers. In this light, environmental management is a process not exclusive only to large national and international environmental actors but inclusive to a range of predominantly local level environmental actors (Wilson and Bryant, 1997). On the other hand, Environmental management, as a field of study, evolved with the growing concern about environmental degradation in the late 1960s and early 1970 (Bryant and Geoff, 2009; Wilson and Bryant, 1997) after post industrialization. According to Barrow (2006: 24-26) Environmental Management as a field can be subdivided into the following: â€Å"sustainable development issues; environmental assessment, modeling, forecasting and hindcasting;corporate environmental management; pollution recognition and control; environmental economics;environmental enforcement and legislation; environment and development institutions and ethics; environmental management systems and quality issues; environmental planning and management; assessment of stakeholders involved in environmental management; environmental perceptions and education; community participation for environmental management/sustainability; institution building for environmental management/sustainable development; biodiversity conservation; natural resources management; environmental rehabilitation/restoration; environmental politics; environmental aid and institution building†. While the list is not exhaustive, partly because Environmental Management is relatively a nascent discipline (Barrow, 2006) and is still evolving, its broad scope is readily appreciated at a glance, as it tends to techno-centric problem solving approach rather than reactive approach. Table 1 highlights some distinguishing features of traditional environmental management as it were during its early evolution and at present. Referring to interdisciplinarity, the interdisciplinary nature of environmental management is more than just integration. It is essentially a modern way of thinking that involves identification, definition as well as interpretation of studies with the view of proffering practical oriented solutions to environmental problems (ORiordan, 1995). Again, Transdisciplinary studies according to Tress et al. (2005) involves the integration of both academic and non-academic participant (stakeholders) to research a common goal with the creation of new knowledge and theory. It is explicit from the definitions above that interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity are both integrative, in that new knowledge and theory is created. However, a distinguishing element is that transdisciplinary research combines interdisciplinarity with a participatory approach (Tress et al., 2005) Traditional Environmental Management Modern Environmental Management Largely top-down approach Bottom-up approach Management was authoritarian participatory and much more integrative Short term plan Long term plan and therefore sustainable Exploitational in approach Emphasizes stewardship rather than exploitation. Tends to be reactive Tends to be proactive and participatory Disciplinary, at best multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary, or even holistic in approach State centric Non state factors involved in the process of EM Influence of natural science discipline Shift from the natural science to social science Tress and Tress (2001) introduced a transdisciplinary landscape concept. The transdisciplinary landscape concept, according to Tress and Tress (2001) is based on five dimensions: the spatial entity, the mental entity, the temporal dimension, the nexus of nature and culture, and the systemic properties of landscape. The significance of collaboration in interdisciplinary and trandisciplinary research in the understanding of human-environment interaction cannot be overemphasized. Although environmental management takes its root from the natural science, however there seems to be a shift from the natural science to social science (Bryant and Wilson, 1998). Figure 1 as shown in the appendix depicts the profound influence from the social sciences and again, in the words of Wilsons and Bryant (1997, p 17) Environmental Management operates at the intersection of a range of disciplines and subdisciplines. From the foregoing, It is obvious that Environmental Management is increasingly becoming interdisciplinary and applying a great deal of transdisciplinarity approaches. For example, Wesselink (2008) and Potschin and Haines-Young (2005) have emphasized the importance of applying transdisciplinarity in their studies of land use planning and landscape ecology respectively.. While the environmental problems we face today are many and varied both in scope and complexity, no one discipline can effectively provide the knowledge adequate enough to fully understand nor solve them (Tress and Tress, 2001). Modern approaches of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinarity in Environmental Management can be a panacea of all local to global environmental ills. This notwithstanding, more powerful and robust tools are needed for dealing with the problems of scaling and uncertainty which are crucial in the human-environment interaction at all scale. It is the position of this essay, therefore, that while the search for a strong and robust tools continues in order to mitigate, control and prevent environmental problems, active consultation and collaboration with local communities is a necessary ingredient for sustainable solution. References Barrow, C. J 1999. Environmental Management: Principles and Practice. Routledge, London. Barrow, C. J. 2006. Environmental Management for Sustainable Development. 2nd edition. Routledge, London. Bryant R.L and Wilson G.A 1998. Rethinking Environmental Management. Progress in Human Geography 22(3) pp 321-343 Evans, J. and Randalls, S. 2008 Geography and Paratactical Interdisciplinarity: Views from the ESRC-NERC PhD studentship programme. Geoforum 39 pp 581-592 Jones, P. and Macdonald, N. 2007. Getting it wrong first time: building on interdisciplinary research relationship. Area 39(4) pp 490-498. ORiordan, T. ed 1995 Environmental Science for Environmental Management Longman Scientific Technical, England. Potschin, M and Haines-Young, R. 2006. Rio+10, Sustainability Science and Landscape Ecology. Landscape and urban planning. 75, 162-74. Phillipson, J. and Lowe, P. 2009 Barriers to Research Collaboration across disciplines: scientific paradigms and institutional practices. Environment and Planning 41, pp 1171-1184 Klein, J. T. 2004 Prospects for Transdisciplinarity. Futures 36 pp 515-526 Tress, B and Tress, G 2001 Capitalising on Multiplicity: A Transdisciplinary Systems Approach to Landscape Research. Landscape and Urban Planning 57, pp 143-157 Tress, B., Tress, G.,Fry, G. and Opdam, P. 2005 eds. From Landscape Research to Landscape Planning: Aspects of Integration, Education and Application. Springer, Netherland. Wesselink, A 2009. The Emergence of interdisciplinary Knowledge in Problem-focussed Research. Area 41 (4) pp. 404-413. Wilson, G. A and Bryant, R.L 1997. Environmental Management: New Directions fot the Twenty-First Century.UCL, London

Compare the Function of Formats and Locations in Retailing Essay

We printed two different job application forms, job descriptions and person specification for Nando’s and Topman we then compared the forms and found some similarities and some differences to them. Topman and Nandos application form Differences: They were set up very differently Topman had a variety of rhetorical questions which underneath it, they were answered for you whereas Nandos did not use any rhetorical questions just information about the restaurant. Nandos have added a bit of colour to their form whereas Topman have not. Topman’s application form was much more detailed as it tells you how to apply, there top level supervisors, visual merchandising assistants etc†¦ In contrast to Nandos which does not include all these points and facts about their business. Comparisons: both application forms give information about the business such as what will be expected from you when you start working there and what you will learn from the job. Person specification Differences: Again on the Person specification form a lot more colour and images have been used in Nandos form whereas Topman have not added any images or colour. On Topmans form the information is given out in bullet points in contrast to Nandos were no bullet points are used. Topman have gave all there information a heading which is more clear to people, Nandos have just gave out different types of information without no heading. Nandos have stated the age they expect the employee to be in contrast to Topman. Comparisons: Both forms have said what they expect from the employee.

Factors affecting Talent Planning Essay

There are many different factors that affect an organisations approach to attracting talent and are both internal and external factors. Some examples of internal factors are the size of a business. A larger business would find it much easier to source this could be because they are more well-known to the public and they would also be more financially able to advertise a post to get a larger range of applicants. Recruitment policies also have an effect ie recruiting from internal sources and external sources can affect the recruitment process. Generally recruitment through internal sources is preferred because own employees know the organisation and can fit well into the culture. The Image of the company has influence on the recruitment process. Good image of the company earned by the actions of management helps attract potential candidates. Managerial actions like good public relations can help earn image. Image of the job also has an affect such as better salaries and good working conditions are considered the characteristics of good image of a job. Also, promotion and personal development policies of an organisation also attract potential candidates. Some examples of external factors are Demographic factors; employees have a big influence on the recruitment process. Demographic factors include, age, sex, literacy, economic status etc. Labour market conditions have an affect ie supply and demand of labour is a huge importance in affecting recruitment process. If the demand is for more than one particular skill recruitment will be relatively easier. Unemployment situation has an effect. When the employment rate in an area is high, the recruitment process tends to be simpler. The number of applications is higher which makes it easier to attract the best qualified applicants. With a low rate of unemployment, recruiting process tends to become more difficult. Labour laws that cover working conditions, compensation, retirement benefits. This report identifies and assess factors that affect an organisations approach to both attracting talent and recruitment and selection. It also identifies and explains benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce, describes methods of recruitment and methods of selection. Factors that affect an organisations approach to attracting talent For an  organisation to attract talent successfully, as part of the talent planning policy it needs to identify and assess what factors affect its approach to attracting talent. For example: 1. Economic Environment – An organisation needs to consider what money is available to spend and this will depend on the current climate at the time. This in turn, will have an effect on how and where the company advertises externally, in addition to the salary and benefits offered. 2. Laws – There are laws that affect the way an organisation attracts talent. For example; the Equality Act 2010 protects again discrimination and affects how the organisation words adverts, application forms, job description, person specifications and questions asked during interviews. Wording must not be discriminative and this can be done by ensuring it does not contain personal prejudice, is not being objective, unfair or showing less favourable treatment for an unlawful reason e.g. Age, gender or disability. 3. Branding – A company with a good reputation, is more likely to successfully attract the right talent to its organisation. To do this, an organisation relies heavily on being perceived as being known as a good employer and needs to take a proactive approach by offering career development, in addition to remuneration and rewards. 4. Culture – The culture of the organisation can be part of what keeps employees engaged and makes the organisation differ positively from competitors. For example, an organisation may be friendly or collaborative – something that new talent†¦

Five Steps to Verifying Online Genealogy Sources

Many newcomers to genealogy research are thrilled when find that many of the names in their family tree are easily available online. Proud of their accomplishment, they then download all the data they can from these Internet sources, import it into their genealogy software and proudly start sharing their genealogy with others. Their research then makes its way into new genealogy databases and collections, further perpetuating the new family tree and amplifying any errors each time the source is copied. While it sounds great, there is one major problem with this scenario; namely that the family information that is freely published in many Internet databases and Web sites is often unsubstantiated and of questionable validity. While useful as a clue or a starting point for further research, the family tree data is sometimes more fiction than fact. Yet, people often treat the information they find as the gospel truth. Thats not to say that all online genealogy information is bad. Just the opposite. The Internet is a great resource for tracing family trees. The trick is to learn how to separate the good online data from the bad. Follow these five steps and you too can use Internet sources to track down reliable information about your ancestors. Step One: Search for the Source Whether its a personal Web page or a subscription genealogy database, all online data should include a list of sources. The key word here is should. You will find many resources that dont. Once you find a record of your great, great grandfather online, however, the first step is to try and locate the source of that information. Look for source citations and references—often noted as footnotes at the bottom of the page, or at the end (last page) of the publicationCheck for notes or commentsClick on the link to about this database when searching a public database (Ancestry.com, Genealogy.com and FamilySearch.com, for example, include sources for most of their databases)Email the contributor of the data, whether it be the compiler of a database or the author of a personal family tree, and politely ask for their source information. Many researchers are wary of publishing source citations online (afraid that others will steal the credit to their hard-earned research), but may be willing to share them with you privately. Step Two: Track Down the Referenced Source Unless the Web site or database includes digital images of the actual source, the next step is to track down the cited source for yourself. If the source of the information is a genealogy or history book, then you may find a library in the associated location has a copy and is willing to provide photocopies for a small fee.If the source is a microfilm record, then its a good bet that the Family History Library has it. To search the FHLs online catalog, click on Library, then Family History Library Catalog. Use place search for the town or county to bring up the librarys records for that locality. Listed records can then be borrowed and viewed through your local Family History Center.If the source is an online database or Web site, then go back to Step #1 and see if you can track down a listed source for that sites information. Step Three: Search for a Possible Source When the database, Web site or contributor doesnt provide the source, its time to turn sleuth. Ask yourself what type of record might have supplied the information you have found. If its an exact date of birth, then the source is most likely a birth certificate or tombstone inscription. If it is an approximate year of birth, then it may have come from a census record or marriage record. Even without a reference, the online data may provide enough clues to time period and/or location to help you find the source yourself. Step Four: Evaluate the Source and Information It Provides While there are a growing number of Internet databases which provide access to scanned images of original documents, the vast majority of genealogy information on the Web comes from derivative sources - records which have been derived (copied, abstracted, transcribed, or summarized) from previously existing, original sources. Understanding the difference between these different types of sources will help you best assess how to verify the information that you find. How close to the original record is your information source? If it is a photocopy, digital copy or microfilm copy of the original source, then it is likely to be a valid representation. Compiled records—including abstracts, transcriptions, indexes, and published family histories—are more likely to have missing information or transcription errors. Information from these types of derivative sources should be further traced back to the original source.Does the data come from primary information? This information, created at or close to the time of the event by someone with personal knowledge of the event (i.e. a birth date provided by the family doctor for the birth certificate), is generally more likely to be accurate. Secondary information, by contrast, is created a significant amount of time after an event occurred, or by a person who was not present at the event (i.e. a birth date listed on a death certificate by the daughter of the deceased). Primary information usual ly carries more weight than secondary information. Step Five: Resolve Conflicts Youve found a birthdate online, checked out the original source and everything looks good. Yet, the date conflicts with other sources youve found for your ancestor. Does this mean that the new data is unreliable? Not necessarily. It just means that you now need to reevaluate each piece of evidence in terms of its likelihood to be accurate, the reason it was created in the first place, and its corroboration with other evidence. How many steps is the data from the original source? A database on Ancestry.com that is derived from a published book, which itself was compiled from original records means that the database on Ancestry is two steps away from the original source. Each additional step increases the likelihood of errors.When was the event recorded? Information recorded closer to the time of the event is more likely to be accurate.Did any time elapse between the event and the creation of the record that relates its details? Family bible entries may have been made at one sitting, rather than at the time of the actual events. A tombstone may have been placed on the grave of an ancestor years after her death. A delayed birth record may have been issued dozens of years after the actual birth.Does the document appear altered in any way? Different handwriting may mean that information was added after the fact. Digital photos may have been edited. Its not a normal occurrence, but it does happen.What do others say about the source? If it is a published book or database rather than an original record, use an Internet search engine to see if anyone else has used or commented on that particular source. This is an especially good way to pinpoint sources which have a large number of errors or inconsistencies. Happy hunting!